Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss and blindness in Americans over age 60, affecting about 2.1 million people nationwide. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to preventing vision loss. During February, Friedberg Eye Associates, PA and the American Academy of Ophthalmology are educating the public about the facts on AMD.
AMD is a degenerative disease that happens when part of the retina called the macula is damaged. It’s the part of the eye that delivers sharp, central vision needed to see objects straight ahead. Over time, the loss of central vision can interfere with everyday activities, such as the ability to drive, read, and see faces clearly.
Ophthalmologists have more tools than ever before to diagnose the disease earlier, and to treat it better. But these advances cannot help patients whose disease is undiagnosed, or patients who are unaware of the seriousness of their disease. People’s lack of understanding about AMD is a real danger to public health. One study showed that most people with AMD don’t realize it’s a chronic health issue that requires regular attention for the rest of their lives.
The Academy offers these seven steps to help people take control of their eye health:
- Get regular comprehensive medical eye exams. AMD often has no early warning signs, so getting regular comprehensive eye examsfrom an ophthalmologist is critical to diagnosing and treating the eye disease in its early stages. The Academy recommends that adults with no signs or risk factors for eye disease get a baseline eye disease screening at age 40 — the time when early signs of disease and changes in vision may start to occur. By age 65, the Academy recommends getting an exam every one to two years, even in the absence of symptoms or eye problems.
- Quit smoking. Numerous studies show smokingincreases the risk of developing AMD, and the speed at which it progresses. Smokers are twice as likely to develop macular degeneration compared with a nonsmoker.
- Eat a well-balanced diet. Many studiesdemonstrate that eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nutrient-packed foods, such as salmon and nuts, may reduce the risk of AMD. Research also suggests that patients who ate fresh fish, an important source of omega-3s, were at lower risk of developing AMD.
- Take the right kind of vitamins. Vitamins can delay progression of advanced AMD and help people keep their vision longer if they have intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye. But make sure it’s the right combination of vitamins. A recent studyfound that some of the top-selling products do not contain identical ingredient dosages to eye vitamin formulas proven effective in clinical trials.
- Exercise regularly. Exercising three times a weekcan reduce the risk of developing wet AMD by 70 percent. Studies also show that physical activity may lower the odds of both early and late-stages of AMD.
- Monitor your sight with an Amsler Grid. This simple, daily routinetakes less than one minute and can help people with AMD save more of their vision. Using this grid is essential to finding any vision changes that are not obvious, so you can report them to your ophthalmologist.
- Know your family’s eye health history. If you have a close relative with AMD, you have a 50 percent greater chance of developing the condition. Before your next eye exam, speak with your family about their eye health history. You may need more frequent eye exams based on your family history.
“While new treatments and technologies are helping patients keep more of their vision than ever before, early detection remains your best defense against AMD,” said Rahul N. Khurana, MD, a clinical spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology. “Get a baseline, comprehensive exam at age 40. After age 65, get an exam every one to two years, even if you have no symptoms. Your good vision depends on it.
